Total US Stock Market Index

Historical returns and performance of the entire U.S. stock market

What is the Total US Stock Market Index?

The Total US Stock Market Index represents virtually the entire investable U.S. stock market, including large-, mid-, small-, and micro-cap stocks. It typically contains over 4,000 companies and covers nearly 100% of the U.S. equity market.

This is the broadest possible exposure to U.S. stocks in a single investment. It's market-cap weighted, so large companies like Apple and Microsoft still dominate, but you also get exposure to thousands of smaller companies.

On StocksBio, we use VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) as our benchmark. VTI is one of the most popular and cost-effective ways to invest in the total market, with an expense ratio of just 0.03%.

Total Market Historical Returns

Based on VTI ETF data. $1,000 invested at the start of each period.

1 Year
$1,197
+19.7%
3 Years
$1,659
+65.9%
5 Years
$1,688
+68.8%
10 Years
$3,652
+265.2%
20 Years
$7,202
+620.2%

Total Market CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)

3-Year CAGR
+18.4%
5-Year CAGR
+11.0%
10-Year CAGR
+13.8%
20-Year CAGR
+10.4%

The Total Market Index closely tracks the S&P 500 (since large-caps dominate both), but includes additional exposure to mid-cap, small-cap, and micro-cap stocks. This provides slightly more diversification and exposure to emerging growth companies.

Total Market Monthly Statistics

Avg Monthly Return
+0.8%
Positive Months
194
65%
Negative Months
103
35%
Data Period
24+ yrs
Best Month Ever
Apr 2020: +13.1%
Worst Month Ever
Oct 2008: -17.5%

Understanding the Total Market Index

Why Choose Total Market Over S&P 500?

The Total Market Index offers several advantages:

  • Maximum diversification: 4,000+ stocks vs 500
  • Small-cap exposure: Includes high-growth small companies
  • True market representation: Covers nearly 100% of investable U.S. equity
  • Lower cost: VTI has 0.03% expense ratio vs 0.09% for SPY

Total Market vs S&P 500 Performance

Historically, the Total Market and S&P 500 perform very similarly because large-caps dominate both. The main difference is during periods when small-caps outperform (typically early economic recoveries) or underperform (typically during recessions).

VTI vs Other Total Market ETFs

On StocksBio, we use VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF). Other popular options include:

  • ITOT (iShares) - 0.03% expense ratio
  • SPTM (SPDR) - 0.03% expense ratio
  • SCHB (Schwab) - 0.03% expense ratio

All track similar indices and have nearly identical performance.

Compare All US Indices
Total Market vs S&P 500 vs NASDAQ vs Dow Jones
All US Stocks
Browse all US stocks
Methodology
How we calculate returns